Biobased materials, mainly referring to biobased polymer materials here, are polymer materials obtained from renewable biomass. They include polymers directly extracted from raw materials (such as starch, cellulose, and other polysaccharides, as well as silk, collagen, and other proteins), polymers synthesized from bio-derived chemicals (such as polylactic acid), and polymers synthesized by microbial organisms (such as polyhydroxyalkanoates). These are used in biobased fibers, biobased plastics, biobased rubbers, biobased coatings, etc., and are beneficial supplements to traditional petroleum-based polymer materials. Correspondingly, biobased material engineering utilizes the theories and methods of biology, engineering, and materials science to research, develop, and apply materials based on renewable biomass according to the needs of human society. The research and development of biobased materials involves many different disciplines, including chemistry, engineering, physics, microbiology, materials science, physiology, botany, and structural biology. Any progress in basic research in these disciplines may promote the research and development of biobased materials.