This study investigates the geopolitical importance of Antarctica for Brazil, addressing the research question: What is the geopolitical importance of Antarctica for Brazil? Over recent decades, several countries have demonstrated increasing interest in the Antarctic territory, largely due to the region’s abundant natural resources. Of particular note is the presence of fossil fuels and the fact that Antarctica holds an estimated 70–80% of the planet’s freshwater in the form of ice, making it an area of critical environmental and strategic significance. These factors have the potential to generate political tensions among nations with vested interests in the region. The Antarctic Treaty, signed on December 1, 1959, aimed to suspend territorial claims and regulate human activity in Antarctica, permitting only scientific research. Signatory countries include Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Chile, France, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, South Africa, the former Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States. In alignment with this legal framework, many nations have established research facilities that not only support scientific endeavours but also assert their presence and interest in the region’s resources. Additionally, control over key maritime routes in the South Atlantic—such as the Natal/Dakar passages, the Cape of Good Hope, the Drake Passage, and the Beagle and Magellan Straits—adds to Antarctica’s geostrategic value. This study employs a deductive methodology, analysing the publicly stated intentions of countries involved in Antarctic affairs and examining international treaties such as the Antarctic Treaty and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Through this lens, the research explores Brazil’s strategic interests and potential role in the evolving geopolitical landscape of Antarctica.