Not only did the year 2023 mark the 30th anniversary of the strategic partnership between China and Brazil (Brazil was the first country to establish such a partnership with China), the year 2024 also commemorated 50 years since Sino-Brazilian relations were established. Over the course of these five decades, China and Brazil developed a robust, multifaceted relationship of cooperation across not only traditional sectors but also areas such as poverty reduction, social development, scientific and technological innovation, environmental protection, climate change mitigation, low-carbon economy, and digital economy, culminating in a milestone state visit by Brazilian President Lula da Silva to China in April 2023, during which both sides reaffirmed their commitment to deepening bilateral ties. This chapter—revolving around the main research question: How should we evaluate the development of cooperation and bilateral relations between China and Brazil over the past 50 years?—offers an in-depth analysis of the bilateral relationship between China and Brazil. Adopting a qualitative approach and focusing on high-level visits between the two countries that took place over the past 50 years, the study examines the development as well as future prospects of Sino-Brazilian economic and trade cooperation and the overall relationship.