The Atlantic Ocean’s rich natural resources, its location between the Americas, Africa, Europe, and Antarctica, and its connection to Asia via the Cape Sea Route provide a vital artery of exploration and global trade. Vessel traffic in the Atlantic has increased exponentially since the end of 2023, as thousands of vessels are now rerouted from the Indian Ocean via the Cape Sea Route in response to Houthi attacks on vessels in the Red Sea. While this serves as an economic opportunity for countries located along the route, it also poses a problem—that of having to contend with increased vessel traffic and the likely simultaneous increase in illegal trade. Legal trade has historically been accompanied by a plethora of illegal trades, such as the trans-Atlantic slave trade, which was synonymous with the Atlantic. Today, this important trade corridor is the site of multiple illegal markets, including the trafficking of drugs like cocaine and methamphetamine, piracy and armed robbery in the Gulf of Guinea, and illegal, unregulated, and unreported (IUU) fishing. The South Atlantic is also the site of increasing strategic interest, with countries like Brazil, China, and Russia vying for a foothold in the region. This chapter will consider the criminal corridors connecting Central and Southern Africa to its transatlantic neighbours and beyond, exploring geopolitics and maritime crime between South America and Africa via the South Atlantic. It will also consider if and how unfolding strategic interests have shaped global governance efforts in response to these threats in the maritime domain. By contextualising maritime crime in the region, we can explore the challenges and opportunities presented by existing and emerging governance efforts and suggest necessary interventions to manage these crimes and their impacts to ensure good order at sea.