Some of the extreme events that occur on the Sun are solar flares and coronal mass ejections. These transient phenomena, driven by the realignment of the Sun’s magnetic field, induce various secondary processes in the Sun’s heliosphere and Earth’s magnetosphere. The processes may include shock waves, acceleration, and consequent increases in the flux of charged particles, as well as interaction with and modulation of primary cosmic rays, among others. Concurrent increases in the flux of energetic protons measured near Earth and decreases in the flux of cosmic rays detected by Earth-based detectors could both be attributed to the passage of interplanetary shocks. To establish this relationship, connections between the parameters of induced Forbush decreases measured at Earth and the shape of event-integrated fluence spectra of energetic protons measured at L1 have been studied. Such analysis primarily focuses on investigating the correlation between power indices used to parameterize the differential fluence spectra and the magnitudes of associated Forbush decreases. In the presented work, the analysis is expanded to include additional models used to model the fluence spectra and compare them in order to find the best-performing one.

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The Correlation Between Spectral Shape of Energetic Protons and Cosmic Rays During Forbush Decrease Events

  • Mihailo Savić,
  • Nikola Veselinović,
  • Aleksandar Dragić,
  • Dejan Joković,
  • Dimitrije Maletić,
  • Radomir Banjanac,
  • David Knežević,
  • Miloš Travar,
  • Vladimir Udovičić

摘要

Some of the extreme events that occur on the Sun are solar flares and coronal mass ejections. These transient phenomena, driven by the realignment of the Sun’s magnetic field, induce various secondary processes in the Sun’s heliosphere and Earth’s magnetosphere. The processes may include shock waves, acceleration, and consequent increases in the flux of charged particles, as well as interaction with and modulation of primary cosmic rays, among others. Concurrent increases in the flux of energetic protons measured near Earth and decreases in the flux of cosmic rays detected by Earth-based detectors could both be attributed to the passage of interplanetary shocks. To establish this relationship, connections between the parameters of induced Forbush decreases measured at Earth and the shape of event-integrated fluence spectra of energetic protons measured at L1 have been studied. Such analysis primarily focuses on investigating the correlation between power indices used to parameterize the differential fluence spectra and the magnitudes of associated Forbush decreases. In the presented work, the analysis is expanded to include additional models used to model the fluence spectra and compare them in order to find the best-performing one.