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This paper presents a comparative study of modulation techniques for adaptive combining hybrid Free Space Optical (FSO)/Radio Frequency (RF) systems. The key objective is to determine the optimal modulation scheme across varying distances and atmospheric conditions. By modeling fading in the FSO channel using Gamma-Gamma (G-G) distribution and RF channel with Nakagami-m distribution. We derive the generalized closed-form expression for the average Bit Error Rate (BER) encompassing different modulation schemes. Specifically, we numerically simulate the BER performance of M-ary Pulse Position Modulation (M-PPM) and M-ary Phase Shift Keying (M-PSK) under moderate to strong atmospheric turbulence levels over a 1 to 3 km distance range. The MATLAB-based simulation results reveal that BPSK (Binary PSK) modulation outperforms the other candidate schemes in numerous simulated scenarios.

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The BER Performance for Adaptive Combining FSO/RF System Under Different Modulation Schemes

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Asma Merrouche,
  • Amel Aissaoui

摘要

This paper presents a comparative study of modulation techniques for adaptive combining hybrid Free Space Optical (FSO)/Radio Frequency (RF) systems. The key objective is to determine the optimal modulation scheme across varying distances and atmospheric conditions. By modeling fading in the FSO channel using Gamma-Gamma (G-G) distribution and RF channel with Nakagami-m distribution. We derive the generalized closed-form expression for the average Bit Error Rate (BER) encompassing different modulation schemes. Specifically, we numerically simulate the BER performance of M-ary Pulse Position Modulation (M-PPM) and M-ary Phase Shift Keying (M-PSK) under moderate to strong atmospheric turbulence levels over a 1 to 3 km distance range. The MATLAB-based simulation results reveal that BPSK (Binary PSK) modulation outperforms the other candidate schemes in numerous simulated scenarios.