Shallow landslides occur when the sliding surface is less than 5 m deep. This is a common form of slope instability, particularly along transportation routes in the mountainous regions of Vietnam. Provincial Road 128 in Lai Chau Province starts from Chan Nua Commune (intersection with National Highway 12), passes through Sin Ho, and ends in Lai Chau City (intersection with National Highway 4D), totaling 90 km. This road traverses a region characterized by complex topography, geology, and hydrology typical of Vietnam’s high mountainous areas. The studied section from Chan Nua to Sin Ho, 20 km long, cuts through elevations ranging from 1000 to 2000 m, with slope angles of 30°–60°, including 208 horizontal curves (a density of 10.4 curves/km), and passes through five geological formations: the Nam Pia Formation (D1 np), Ben Khe Formation (e2?-O bk1, e2?-O bk2, e2?-O bk3), and Bo Hieng Formation (S2-D1 bh). The survey recorded 74 landslide points along the study route, with 94.6% being shallow landslides, characterized by slide surfaces of less than 5 m in depth. Most landslides exhibited a uniformly curved sliding mass (70.3%) located at the base of the slope (78.4%), with the sliding surface primarily within the weathered layer (89.2%) and predominantly involving rotational sliding (59.5%). The Bo Hieng geological formation experienced the highest concentration of landslides (51.3%), where bedrock comprised limestone shale and a weathered layer of silty clay. The study also found high clay-silt content (54.4–82.2%) and Mica content (43–65%), with steep terrain and water presence significantly increasing the frequency of shallow landslides along the route.