Large-scale practices, such as clearcutting and plantations, can largely impact ecosystem processes. Specifically, it can reduce the amount of dead wood, which is essential for tree regeneration and organisms involved in saproxylic food webs. Although selection cutting can also reduce the amount of dead wood even under the SSMS, compared with unmanaged forests, the amount of dead wood in the UTHF is thought to be sufficient for sustaining the biodiversity of dead-wood-dependent species. Tree can have a large impact on forest floor conditions, especially by destroying tree saplings. It can also affect the dynamics of bark beetles. If tree harvesting leads to the creation of more newly clear-cut sites or sparse forests, these areas may become prime locations for deer feeding. This, in turn, could contribute to a rise in deer populations and further exacerbate the degradation of forests.