This chapter provides an analysis of major forest types and associations across the Himalayan arc, mapping their distribution patterns, dominant species, and ecological characteristics. While drawing from Champion and Seth’s (1968) forest classification system as its organisational framework, the chapter extends beyond India to encompass forest formations throughout the entire Himalayan range, including Nepal, Bhutan, and Pakistan. Rather than strictly adhering to the established classification, the authors emphasise important species and genera that define Himalayan forests, providing detailed accounts of their ecological relationships and geographic distributions. The Himalayas host an extraordinary range of forest ecosystems, from tropical evergreen forests in the eastern foothills to high-altitude birch forests at the treeline. While eastern Himalayan forests exhibit greater species richness and structural complexity, in the western Himalayas, forests are characterised by monodominant stands of species like Sal (Shorea robusta), chir pine (Pinus roxburghii), and various oaks (Quercus spp.). Conifers, particularly from the Pinaceae family, dominate higher elevations and inner valleys, with firs, spruce, and deodar being ecologically and economically significant. The chapter highlights how anthropogenic factors have shaped forest composition, with some species expanding due to disturbance while others face depletion. By examining both forest types and their constituent species, the chapter provides essential context for understanding Himalayan forest dynamics and their sensitivity to environmental change.