This chapter provides insights into the health impacts and governance challenges related to climate change. It categorizes health effects into three main types: direct health effects from extreme weather conditions, indirect health effects due to changing environmental conditions, and complex pattern health effects influenced by various factors such as environmental, socioeconomic, and political elements. In addition, it draws attention to two critical cross-cutting issues: mental health impacts and the vulnerability of specific populations. The governance section explores responses to climate change at multiple levels, ranging from global to individual actions. Through global data, occurrences, and initiatives, with a particular focus on the USA, this chapter offers an exhaustive overview of the multifaceted health impacts of climate change and the corresponding governance strategies.