This study integrates the concept of CDIO (conception-design-implement-operate) and project-based learning mode into the course design of “International Trade Theory and Practice,” aiming to enhance students’ practical ability and innovative thinking. Through the reconstruction of the teaching contents, the practice of international trade as an essential teaching background, combined with case analysis, simulation of trading environment and other practical methods, can enable students to understand the basic knowledge of international trade. The reformed course uses project-based learning mode as teaching methods, guiding students to complete projects within groups to develop teamwork spirit and problem-solving skills. At the same time, the implementation of teaching reform can be finally ensured through guarantee measures such as school-enterprise cooperation and the improving of teachers’ level. The research shows that the curriculum design based on the CDIO concept can effectively improve students’ practical ability and provide new ideas for curriculum reform. This mode not only strengthens students’ theoretical knowledge but also pays more attention to practical operation, which helps to cultivate high-quality talents who meet the needs of international trade development.