Indigenous peoples are the most disadvantaged Australians in terms of the incidences of overcrowding, inadequate housing and rental stress. This chapter begins by discussing the historical and cultural factors and past policy approaches that helped to shape the specific housing needs of Indigenous Australians. It continues by critically examining contemporary policy approaches to addressing Indigenous disadvantage and the barriers to achieving better housing outcomes. Past policy responses are shown to have been complex and highly volatile, characterised by frequent changes in direction and shifting responsibilities across governments. In this second edition of the chapter, we also reflect on the housing implications of Indigenous policy changes and developments that have emerged since 2020. These include the replacement of the initial 2008 National Closing the Gap Strategy with a more ambitious new strategy which aims to achieve marked changes in national Indigenous affairs policy settings and their governance, to improve health and wellbeing outcomes overall, to overcome racism and discrimination and to advance self-determination. The chapter also incorporates new data on Indigenous housing needs.