This paper presents a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing transport decision-making within the agricultural supply chain. Methodically, rice-growing farmers in rural Bihar and Arunachal Pradesh in India were interviewed with regard to key variables that affect their transportation choices, including quantity of produce, farm size, distance to the market, vehicle capacity, vehicle ownership, leasing and renting choices, costs and socioeconomic factors. It is observed that there is a strong correlation of vehicle ownership with distance to transport and the number of buyers. The vehicle capacity chosen for transport does not depend on the area of farm, distance or time required to transport, but depends on the production amount and the sales. The findings are expected to have practical implications for optimizing transport infrastructure, reducing costs, and ultimately improving the transportation in the agricultural sector.