As the level of autonomy in transportation systems continues to advance, the problem of information congestion among transportation subjects has become increasingly apparent. Achieving effective information interaction among traffic subjects has become an important research direction in the field of transportation. To this end, this paper explores a semantic information interaction method for traffic subjects. First, a traffic semantic information representation framework is proposed based on first-order logic and ontology theory, and based on this, traffic elements are extracted from the traffic scene to form traffic semantic information. Secondly, this paper proposes a traffic subject semantic information interaction architecture based on the FIPA architecture, including interaction processes and hierarchy, based on which semantic interaction messages can be generated. Finally, this paper conducts experimental verification using the reverse overtaking scenario as an example. The results show that this method can improve the success rate of reverse overtaking and reduce the risk of collision. The feasibility of this method was proved. The research results of this paper can improve the efficiency of information interaction among traffic subjects, promote the formation of collaborative and comprehensive cognition among multiple traffic subjects.