Basketball is a physically demanding sport characterized by body contact. Due to differences in physical attributes and tactics among male basketball players, they are assigned to various playing positions, making anthropometric measurements the strongest discriminative factor among them. This systematic review aims to identify the differences in body composition among elite male basketball players across different playing positions. Abstracts of all articles found through electronic searches were reviewed, and articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria were filtered out. Out of 4050 papers, 4034 studies were excluded. The remaining 16 papers were included in this systematic review to demonstrate the differences in body composition among elite male basketball players in different playing positions. The review of these 16 studies confirms that elite male basketball players exhibit varying body compositions based on their playing positions. In conclusion, the three most common positions in basketball are associated with distinct body compositions.