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(1) Background: Plantar and dorsi flexion is a common movement in sports activities. The lower leg muscles namely Medial Gastrocnemius (MG), Lateral Gastrocnemius (LG), Soleus (SL) and Tibialis Anterior (TA) play an important role as agonists and antagonists in plantar and dorsi flexion. Plantar and dorsi flexion is a common movement in sports activities. These movements occur in sagittal plane such as on inclined, declined and flat surfaces as well as on frontal plane such as inversion, eversion and neutral positions. The objective of the study to investigate the relative activation of these four muscles, during different sagittal plane movements. The three frontal positions are combined for each of the sagittal positions. (2) Methods: Participants (N = 40) were required to undergo three trials of plantar flexion each on a flat surface and on 15 degrees raised wooden platform in a inclined as well as declined position. This was preceded by normalisation procedures for each of the muscles to find out the Maximum Voluntary Isometric Contraction. sEMG of the tested muscles were collected for all these movements. The percentage maximum voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC) of MG, LG, SL and TA during plantar flexion in different sagittal positions was analysed using Analysis of Variance. (3) Result: There was significant statistical difference in muscle activation among MG, LG and SL in a combination of all the three sagittal foot variations at three inclined levels, although TA was found to be significantly different from the other three. MG showed the highest activation while soleus and LG were indicated similar activation levels. (4) Conclusion: This study indicates that the % MVIC of the tested muscles are highest when performed in an inclined plane and lowest in a declined plane. It is also found that MG is the most activated muscle among all the tested muscles. During the TA shows about 20–30% activation of MG as it is a dorsi flexor, the activation would have to arise during the eccentric phase. Strengthening of the lower leg muscles would have to be done primarily in inclined to derive greatest benefits, and eccentric movements could be combined to involve the TA also (BB S, Dsouza GS (2024) The contribution of lower leg muscles during vertical jump: an electromyographic study. Int J Phys Educ Sports Health 11(5):96–99. 10.22271/kheljournal.2024.v11.i5b.3496).

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EMG Analysis of Selected Lower Leg Muscles During Plantar Flexion in Various Sagittal Foot Positions

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • B. B. Shyamily,
  • K. H. Shreaya,
  • Gerald Santhosh Dsouza

摘要

(1) Background: Plantar and dorsi flexion is a common movement in sports activities. The lower leg muscles namely Medial Gastrocnemius (MG), Lateral Gastrocnemius (LG), Soleus (SL) and Tibialis Anterior (TA) play an important role as agonists and antagonists in plantar and dorsi flexion. Plantar and dorsi flexion is a common movement in sports activities. These movements occur in sagittal plane such as on inclined, declined and flat surfaces as well as on frontal plane such as inversion, eversion and neutral positions. The objective of the study to investigate the relative activation of these four muscles, during different sagittal plane movements. The three frontal positions are combined for each of the sagittal positions. (2) Methods: Participants (N = 40) were required to undergo three trials of plantar flexion each on a flat surface and on 15 degrees raised wooden platform in a inclined as well as declined position. This was preceded by normalisation procedures for each of the muscles to find out the Maximum Voluntary Isometric Contraction. sEMG of the tested muscles were collected for all these movements. The percentage maximum voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC) of MG, LG, SL and TA during plantar flexion in different sagittal positions was analysed using Analysis of Variance. (3) Result: There was significant statistical difference in muscle activation among MG, LG and SL in a combination of all the three sagittal foot variations at three inclined levels, although TA was found to be significantly different from the other three. MG showed the highest activation while soleus and LG were indicated similar activation levels. (4) Conclusion: This study indicates that the % MVIC of the tested muscles are highest when performed in an inclined plane and lowest in a declined plane. It is also found that MG is the most activated muscle among all the tested muscles. During the TA shows about 20–30% activation of MG as it is a dorsi flexor, the activation would have to arise during the eccentric phase. Strengthening of the lower leg muscles would have to be done primarily in inclined to derive greatest benefits, and eccentric movements could be combined to involve the TA also (BB S, Dsouza GS (2024) The contribution of lower leg muscles during vertical jump: an electromyographic study. Int J Phys Educ Sports Health 11(5):96–99. 10.22271/kheljournal.2024.v11.i5b.3496).