This chapter presents a Sino-German scholarly dialogue analyzing China’s evolving role amid globalization’s reversal. The authors dissect globalization as a dialectic of universalization of particularism (Western norms globalized) and particularization of universalism (local adaptations), arguing that China must navigate its unique institutional “endowment” while developing a global vision. Notably, Western protectionism and media-driven “iron curtain of knowledge-power” distort perceptions of China’s rise, even as China assumes leadership in sustaining globalization (e.g., Belt and Road Initiative). The authors critique China’s intellectual dependency on Western social science paradigms and caution against polarized narratives, rejecting both uncritical Western worship and exceptionalist “China model” isolation. They advocate for indigenous theoretical frameworks to interpret China’s development while emphasizing equal civilizational dialogue. Ultimately, China’s contribution should transcend instrumental rationality (trade, investment) to advance value rationality, offering institutional and philosophical alternatives for a shared human future.