Robotic guidance technology is an interdisciplinary field involving mechanics, control, image processing, pattern recognition, and artificial intelligence. It is an essential approach to enhancing the environmental perception and autonomous operation capabilities of machines. In this chapter, the development characteristics and application scenarios of robotic guidance technology is firstly outlined. Then the representative research directions for robotic guidance are introduced, including electromagnetic guidance, laser guidance, and vision guidance. The key technologies are also reviewed with their current research status, such as three-dimensional (3D) vision measurement, robot kinematics, visual servo control, and system parameter calibration. Finally, the major challenges faced by robotic vision guidance in practical applications are analyzed.