Changing Rainfall Patterns in the Northwest Himalayas: Analysis of Climate-Induced Variability in Kashmir, India
摘要
This study examines changes in the rainfall pattern of the Northwest Himalayas with a particular emphasis on the Kashmir region of India, which is significantly more variable due to climate change. We examined the rainfall pattern using historical meteorological data from 1981 to 2022. To determine rainfall patterns, the study uses statistical approaches such as correlation, time series analysis, and trend analysis using the Mann–Kendall test. The results show a marginal rising trend in maximum temperatures, with the largest increases occurring in Srinagar (0.242 °C) and Bandipora (0.247 °C); nonetheless, the p-values for these trends exceed 0.05, making them statistically inconsequential. Although they are not statistically reliable, minimum temperatures also show rising tendencies, especially in Anantnag, Kupwara, and Srinagar. On the other hand, statistically insignificant little drops in minimum temperatures are observed in Bandipora and Baramulla. The pre-monsoon rainfall in Kupwara (2518 mm) and the monsoon mean temperature (28.332 °C) in Srinagar indicate rather stable rainfall trends. Significant seasonal differences in temperature and precipitation are found throughout the sample sites using descriptive analysis.