Circular Bioeconomy in the Packaging Industry Utilizing Coconut Processing Waste and By-products
摘要
To reduce the use on non-biodegradable plastics for the packaging industry, sustainable, biodegradable, and plant-based materials like agricultural waste have been utilized. The agricultural waste that is discussed in this compilation of case studies for circularity in packaging are from coconut processing waste. These materials become part of the supply chain or value chain, decompose, and then return to the soil and air. Examples of packaging material from coconut waste products are described. The circularity of the chemical or biological processes involved in the conversion of coconut processing waste or by-products, and their impacts on the ecosystem, should be evaluated. Proposed frameworks on packaging for redesign and system expansion for circularity are also presented. Several packaging manufacturers have demonstrated how their current packaging technologies meet the goals of responsible consumption in the global economy. The assessments, industry outlook, and frameworks in this compilation can be used to support the sustainability efforts of manufacturers, utilizing plastics and agricultural waste, in the packaging industry.