Is low-dose dopamine “renal protective”? The ANZICS Dopamine trial tested the hypothesis that low-dose dopamine could prevent the progression of renal dysfunction in critically ill patients. In this large, multicenter, randomized controlled trial, 328400 patients with early renal dysfunction were assigned to receive either low-dose dopamine or a placebo. The study found that low-dose dopamine did not reduce the incidence of renal failure or improve mortality, challenging the long-standing practice of using dopamine for renal protection. The trial provided clear evidence that low-dose dopamine has no benefit in improving renal outcomes in critically ill patients, leading to a shift away from its routine use in this context.