Bystander-initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) with chest compressions alone or with rescue breathing: which saves more lives? This study evaluated the outcomes of bystander-initiated CPR using either chest compressions alone or conventional CPR with rescue breathing in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest cases. Including 1941 patients, the findings revealed that compression-only CPR was at least as effective as conventional CPR in improving survival rates and favorable neurological outcomes. Its simplicity may increase bystander willingness to perform CPR, potentially saving more lives. However, the study acknowledged that conventional CPR might still be preferred in specific circumstances, such as in pediatric cases or arrests of respiratory origin.