Sustainable development, as one of the key EU objectives enshrined in its founding treaties, is implemented in EU trade policy. Accordingly, EU trade agreements with third States include sustainable development commitments, including on climate change, through which the EU seeks to act as an entrepreneur of international trade norms that strike a balance between commercial and broader societal goals. Since 2020, and in line with its ‘Open Sustainable and Assertive’ trade policy, the EU has sought to adopt a more assertive approach to the enforcement of sustainable development commitments in its trade agreements, with the possibility of trade sanctions in some cases. This chapter explores the extent of the EU’s shift from the persuasiveness of diplomacy to the ‘assertiveness’ of enforcement of climate obligations in EU trade agreements and considers its practical implications.