Drone-based food delivery services possess significant potential to bring about a transformative impact on the food sector, particularly in developing countries, by providing faster, more effective, and non-contact delivery alternatives. Nevertheless, the effective execution of these services has substantial barriers. Leveraging the robustness of the spherical fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method, we systematically analyze and categorize these barriers into cause-and-effect factors. Through a meticulous literature review and expert input, a total of 19 barriers are identified, encompassing regulatory constraints, technological challenges, and logistical complexities. A survey conducted within the Indian logistics sector further provides clarity of intricate interrelationships among these barriers, providing valuable insights into the dynamics shaping the adoption landscape. Through comprehensive analysis, regulatory constraints, technological challenges, and skill and training requirements emerge as the most critical barriers. These findings underscore the urgent need for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and training institutions to address regulatory frameworks, invest in advanced drone technology, and provide specialized training programs. Understanding these barriers facilitates the adoption of drone-based food delivery services, promotes economic growth, enhances food accessibility, and fosters innovation in developing nations.