Lifestyle diseases also called as non-communicable diseases are caused by the unhealthy lifestyle choices and behaviours of an individual. The complexity of lifestyle diseases, highlighting their causes, effects on public health and socioeconomic burden are prime areas to focus on. The development of these chronic diseases can be attributed to the factors such as unhealthy lifestyle, poor diet, physical inactivity, stress and poor mental health, toxicant exposure, excessive consumption of alcohol and smoking. Lifestyle diseases thus primarily are caused by interplay of unhealthy behaviours, genetic predisposition and environmental factors. A fundamental concept of the onset and progression of lifestyle diseases is the interaction between hereditary and environmental risk factors. These disorders include cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and certain cancers. While genetic predisposition can have a major impact on an individual’s susceptibility to certain diseases, environmental factors such as nutrition, exercise and exposure to toxins are crucial in regulating the risk of acquiring lifestyle diseases. The complex connection that exists between exposure to the environment and genetic vulnerabilities illustrates the synergy between these elements and the development of diseases. Prevention of lifestyle disease involves a comprehensive approach that involves genetic and environmental risk management and public health campaigns.