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Hair dye residues, particularly hair colour pigments, couplers and precursors that are carelessly dumped into the sewage system, have been detected in water resources. These pollutants have the potential to endanger living things by damaging DNA and inducing mutation, resulting in the development of cancer through mutagens or tumour promoters. The risk of breast cancer is also influenced by these chemicals that lead to mammary tumours. Numerous environmental chemicals either raise mammary gland susceptibility to carcinogenesis or activate key hormonal pathways, making them mammary gland carcinogens. The complexity, high concentration and bright colour of the dye make it difficult for biodegradable substances to break down. Because of this, the wastewater treatment plants are a shield to local ecosystems and humans from harmful substances present in wastewater. Many nations use a lot of untreated wastewater for agricultural purposes. Nowadays, it has become a very significant and persuasive global environmental and public health issue. In this chapter, we discussed the harmful effects of hair dye pollution on health. Keeping our attention on the rise of breast cancer, we further discussed how hair dye pollution may be a contributing factor in this life style disease.

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Washed Covert Hair Dye Components are a Threat to Environmental Sustainability and a Potential Risk Factor for Increasing Cases of Breast Cancer

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Hamda Khan,
  • Safia Habib,
  • Syed Amaan Ali,
  • Moinuddin

摘要

Hair dye residues, particularly hair colour pigments, couplers and precursors that are carelessly dumped into the sewage system, have been detected in water resources. These pollutants have the potential to endanger living things by damaging DNA and inducing mutation, resulting in the development of cancer through mutagens or tumour promoters. The risk of breast cancer is also influenced by these chemicals that lead to mammary tumours. Numerous environmental chemicals either raise mammary gland susceptibility to carcinogenesis or activate key hormonal pathways, making them mammary gland carcinogens. The complexity, high concentration and bright colour of the dye make it difficult for biodegradable substances to break down. Because of this, the wastewater treatment plants are a shield to local ecosystems and humans from harmful substances present in wastewater. Many nations use a lot of untreated wastewater for agricultural purposes. Nowadays, it has become a very significant and persuasive global environmental and public health issue. In this chapter, we discussed the harmful effects of hair dye pollution on health. Keeping our attention on the rise of breast cancer, we further discussed how hair dye pollution may be a contributing factor in this life style disease.