Environmental toxicants and lifestyle diseases are critical factors that can significantly impact both male and female reproductive health. Environmental toxicants, such as endocrine-disrupting chemicals, heavy metals, smoking, radiation, pesticides, and pollutants, and lifestyle diseases, age, and sexually transmitted diseases, have been comprehensively discussed in this chapter to be some of the causative agents of infertility. It has been extensively discussed that one in six individuals are victim of infertility, with approximately ten million couples projected to suffer the same fate by 2025. However, developing countries are the victims of this disease. It was also discussed that the prevalence of this disease is increasing globally with the upsurge in the use of assisted reproductive technologies. Therefore, factors like healthy lifestyle, avoidance of delayed parenthood, regular screening, awareness campaign, effective policy, and research are some of the mitigation strategies. While treatment measures like the use of herbs, traditional practices, counseling, and sensitization also have promise.