Optimal Losses Through Injecting Green Power into Main Distribution Feeders as Expansion Impacts of EV Station Loads

The electrical energy supply for future cities will increase significantly according to economic, social, and residential activities. On the other hand, the transition from conventional to electric cars in urban areas will require many EV stations that consume large amounts of electricity, feeder overload, voltage drop, and higher distribution losses. To achieve a better quality of electricity supply, the method will consider implementing the Distribution Generators (DG) on the main distribution feeder. Determine the voltage drop at each load node based on the current input on the main feeder using linear approach. The injection of electrical power into the main feeder comes from a green power supply, such as wind and solar energy, hydropower, and fuel cells. Optimal losses are determined based on optimal DG capacity and location on the main feeder. Based on the IEEE 33 nodes distribution network database for one feeder, network losses at a load of 74.34 kW are 4.94% as a baseline. The addition of station EV loads on lateral 1, 2, and 3 totaling 705 kW causes an increase in network losses to 10.24%. Placing a DG with a capacity of 286.4 kW at node 6 can optimally reduce network losses to 5.04% Reducing network losses by 5.20% results in electrical power savings of 193.27 kW. The resulting energy savings are 193.27 kWh in 1 h, and can save 1693 MWh in a year.