Exploring the Side Products of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC): A Review of Sustainable Applications

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) offers a sustainable solution to global energy challenges by harnessing the temperature difference between warm seawater and cold seawater. Beyond electricity generation, OTEC technology generates valuable side products, including desalinated water, aquaculture resources, and hydrogen production. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the potential applications of OTEC side products, focusing on their contribution to various sectors. Desalination through OTEC can provide potable water for isolated communities, with production capacities reaching up to 10,000 m3/day. The integration of aquaculture with OTEC systems offers a dual benefit of energy efficiency and sustainable food production, particularly in the cultivation of species such as Ulva spp. Additionally, OTEC systems present a viable pathway for hydrogen production, utilizing environmentally friendly methods like Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolysis. The paper also explores the potential for OTEC-based air conditioning systems, which provide significant energy savings. Through the development and commercialization of these applications, OTEC can play a pivotal role in addressing global issues related to energy, water, and food security while mitigating environmental impact.