Navigating Disturbance Rejection with Constrained Linear Quadratic Model Predictive Control (CLQ-MPC) in Frequency Control of a Power System

A power system cannot function without a frequency regulator. In this work, a refined constrained linear-quadratic model predictive controller (CLQ-MPC) is developed to satisfy consumer demand response while maintaining frequency stability under certain input and state limitations. To minimize demand response, ∆pdr(t), the frequency was kept between 49.5 ≤ ∆f(t) ≤ 50.5, and the desirable and steady system response was reached in less than 20 steps. The impact of altering the time constant of demand response was examined and managed through the adjustment of the terminal cost matrix. A disturbance of d = 0.1 was easily navigated within the tolerance of |∆f(t)| ≤0.2 in 60–80 steps, after the maximum perturbation value (d ≤ 0.43) was evaluated.