Health is a prerequisite and an important foundation for global development. The global public health system is undergoing gradual restoration. The application of digital, AI, biomedicine and other cutting-edge technologies has reinvigorated global health, and international health cooperation is making progress. Nevertheless, global health development remains inadequate and imbalanced due to challenges such as geopolitical conflicts, climate change, antimicrobial resistance and aging demographics. To safeguard human life and health, countries must work together to mitigate the impact of external factors on vulnerable populations, strengthen the resilience of health systems and medical and healthcare supply chains, increase investment in health systems and healthcare, improve global health governance, and address transboundary and cross-sector public health challenges.