Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by multisystem involvement. It presents with a wide range of clinical manifestations, making diagnosis and management challenging. Advances in understanding the immunological basis of the disease have improved treatment outcomes, but challenges remain in achieving early diagnosis and personalized care. This review discusses the pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnostic criteria, management and prognosis with an emphasis on current therapeutic strategies.