In this chapter, I will first generalize the key problems in translation studies and note their relations to translation essence; second, I will summarize the status quo of existent researches on translation essence; third, I will specify the problems into several aspects, namely, what translation essence is, the positing of the translator, faithfulness as a translation principle, an overview of the multi-disciplinarity of Translation Studies (TS), a preliminary assumption of translation methodology, and so on; fourth, I will perform a preliminary analysis of the legitimacy and feasibility of the enlightenment offered by phenomenological theory of meaning to the investigation into translation essence; finally, I will make a scheme of thought pertinent to the fusion of transcendental phenomenology and TS, say, I will insert relevant links of Benjamin and general hermeneutics, and make corresponding introductory explications.