This chapter outlines the historical evolution of the understanding of crystalline symmetry in solids. In the early seventeenth century, Johannes Kepler was the first to observe symmetry in snowflakes. Later, Steno proposed the law of constant angles and the law of constancy of interfacial angles. In the eighteenth century, Weiss introduced the zone law, and René-Just Haüy made foundational contributions to crystallography by proposing that crystals are composed of smallest building blocks called “integrant molecules” with distinct shape and size. In the nineteenth century, Ludwig Seeber associated these building blocks with atoms, paving the way for the study of translational and rotational symmetries. Auguste Bravais demonstrated that unit cells generate 14 distinct Bravais lattices. Evgraf Fedorov and Arthur Schoenflies later proved that in solids there exist 230 space groups in all. This chapter also presents the historical development of the reciprocal lattice, various experimental methods used to determine chemical and magnetic structures of solids, and the invention of electron and scanning probe microscopes. It concludes with the introduction of quasicrystals.