In the digital era, big data has emerged as a critical strategic asset for logistics enterprises. To maximize operational efficiency and enhance customer service, many firms are undergoing smart transformation by integrating big data technologies. However, due to limited transformation experience and the immature application of emerging technologies, this transition often lacks direction and coherence. Consequently, there is an urgent need for a comprehensive and systematic assessment framework to evaluate the wisdom level of logistics enterprises, identify existing deficiencies, and address technology, application, and service-related challenges in a targeted manner—ultimately strengthening their competitive advantage. This study employs a combination of theoretical and empirical analyses to develop a wisdom-level evaluation system for modern logistics enterprises from a big data perspective. Using a literature review, questionnaire surveys, and the Delphi method, the initially proposed evaluation system undergoes three rounds of optimization. The final model comprises three primary indicators, eight secondary indicators, and 24 tertiary indicators, with the relative weight of each determined through hierarchical analysis. The study’s findings provide strategic insights for logistics enterprises seeking to optimize their smart transformation. Based on the established evaluation framework, several key recommendations are proposed: logistics enterprises should prioritize the adoption of advanced big data processing systems, recruit specialized talent, foster innovation in logistics big data technologies, and integrate these technologies seamlessly with their business operations to enhance both efficiency and user experience. Furthermore, enterprises must address the ethical and security concerns associated with big data by ensuring compliance with legal and ethical standards during their smart transformation journey.