Vietnam’s agriculture has made significant progress since the 1990s, which has helped strengthen food security in the country, as well as enable strong exports. However, it is facing many challenges in a changing ecological and social context. Drawing on documents and secondary data over the period 1975-2022, this chapter analyzes agricultural development and food security in Vietnam. Firstly, the chapter examines agricultural development and food security using indicators, such as changes in share of agriculture in GDP and employment in overall employment, farm acreage, production and yields of key crops and livestock; food farming; food security and consumption; and rural livelihood. Secondly, it discusses government policies to promote sustainable agriculture. Thirdly, the chapter assesses climate-resilient smart agricultural practices, such as organic farming, circular agriculture, digital transformation, and the focus on science, technology, and innovation in agriculture. The chapter finishes with an analytical proposal toward accelerating green transition in agriculture.