Myanmar's agricultural industry, which contributes to 21% of exports, employs 56% of the labour force and generates 32% of the national GDP, has been negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and the 2021 military takeover, resulting in numerous challenges for its agricultural sector. This study investigates the correlation between food security and climate-resilient agriculture, as well as sustainable agriculture within the Myanmar context. The research delves into the current status of food security and the policy framework surrounding the implementation of Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA), which aims to address climate change issues in agriculture. This chapter presents an analytical review of Myanmar’s sustainable agriculture, studying problem trees and objective trees of the current agriculture contexts. In order to enhance agricultural productivity and mitigate the impacts of climate change, this chapter examines the underlying causes of food insecurity in the country. Through literature reviews, and content analysis on policies, it explores various approaches aimed at alleviating food insecurity, poverty and climate resilience agriculture in Myanmar. It evaluates the effectiveness of these approaches and provides recommendations for the future implementation of sustainable agriculture initiatives involving relevant stakeholders, organizations and research institutions.