Textile materials obtained from plant and animal sources promise an advancement in green manufacturing in the textile industry, as they are good biomass resources. Recently, a focus on alleviating environmental pollution caused by plant and animal-based materials, especially in the textile industry, has resulted in questions on how these wastes could be significantly processed for sustainable production. Biomass materials are organic substances usually obtained from plants and animals for several industrial applications. Potential biomass materials for sustainable textiles include natural fibres such as cotton, flax, bamboo, hemp, viscose/lyocell from wood pulp, recycled fibres, etc. Also, animal-based materials such as wool, silk, leather, etc., are potential biomass materials. These products are biodegradable and can easily undergo processing to acquire composite materials for sustainable textile production. As resources for textile materials are exhausting, renewable biomass material manufacturing for textiles is an innovative approach to increasing the scope of textile raw materials for sustainable production in the industry. With advanced technologies/methodologies, renewable resources are transformed into valuable products for applications in several sectors. Analysis of these technologies from a textile production point of view is crucial to provide more insight into the appropriate methodologies for utilising plants and animal-based biomass in the textile industry, the challenges involved, and the future directions to help expand the subsector. This chapter presents sustainable approaches to textile production, focusing on employing biomass materials from plants and animals. It provides insight into different production techniques, the challenges involved, and the prospective application of the resulting sustainable textile products. Key findings are presented with directions for future explorations and improvement in the field.