This chapter deals with the importance of wool and other animal fibres within the context of the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations. In response to global demand for eco-friendly, safe, and multifunctional materials, the complete supply chain of textile and allied industries is shifting towards innovative materials by incorporating traditional and new technologies such as enzymatic recycling. Along with other natural fibres, animal fibres have shown their potential in the development of composites, functional fabrics. This chapter also suggests the requirement of ethical & holistic production, keeping the three pillars of sustainability (economic, social, and environmental) into consideration. The readers will develop an understanding of the types, properties, and applications of wool, hair, and other animal fibres in the current industrial world.