Lebanon is a small developing country, which is facing the added burden of political unrest, economic instability, and the unresolved effects of compounded intergenerational trauma. This chapter provides an overview of the historical development of mental health care, current status, and possible future directions. It begins by giving an overview of the evolution of psychiatric services, followed by the epidemiology of the most burdensome mental illnesses and substance use, and an outline of the current services and the role each service plays in the community. Moreover, it provides insight into key challenges like workforce shortages, geographic inequities, stigma, and underdeveloped referral systems. Finally, the chapter highlights relevant and innovative initiatives, especially the National Mental Health Program, and proposes strategies to strengthen the infrastructure and framework of Lebanon’s mental health care system, such as insurance reform, better governance, improved training, and enhanced research capacity.