This chapter aims to discuss the historical background, current status, challenges, and areas of insufficiency in mental health care access in Iraq, focusing on the impact of wars, political unrest, economic sanctions, and other barriers such as social stigma and stagnation of development plans and scientific growth. It was considered a regional leader in psychiatric care during the 1970s and 1980s with widespread access to free services, specialized hospitals, and highly qualified psychiatrists. Mental disorders are common, with recent rising rates of depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, suicide, and substance abuse, with no prevention strategies. Despite post-war international support and efforts at reconstruction, the psychiatric system in Iraq remains underdeveloped. Inadequate and inequitable manpower through the exodus of experienced psychiatrists caused by the war-related anarchy and acts of violence in the country created challenges for mental health care. The psychiatrist-to-population ratio falls considerably below international standards, with a similar lag in other mental health workers. Services are overly centralized in major cities, with minimal access in rural and conflict-affected areas, manifested by the inadequacy of infrastructure, medication supply, and psychosocial support systems.