Navigating the Shifting Shorelines: Climate Change Effects on Intertidal Fauna and Their Adaptations
摘要
The present review context investigates how climate change affects intertidal ecosystems, which serve as critical transitional zones between land and sea. Rising CO2 levels have accelerated ocean warming and acidification, placing extreme stress on this dynamic ecosystem. Key stressors include sea level rise, rising temperatures, changed rainfall patterns, stronger storms, and eutrophication, which are compounded by human activities such as coastal development. Case studies from Gujarat, India, reveal significant coastline retreats of up to 831.4 metres over 40 years. Intertidal ecosystem and fauna therein face habitat loss, physiological stress, shell thinning, and disturbed food webs, although certain species show resistance through zone shifting, physiological adaptations, and altered burrowing behaviours. The present investigation reveals that understanding these complex interactions is crucial for environmental managers and policymakers to develop effective conservation strategies, including the establishment of marine-protected areas and community engagement initiatives.