India’s vast coastline measuring 11,098 km during 2023–2024 supports an array of coastal and marine biodiversity. Climate change has led to significant transformations in the Indian coastal landscapes, increased desertification, and biodiversity losses. Desertification, biodiversity loss, and soil degradation are often interlinked. This chapter explores the intricate relationship between climate-induced changes like sea level rise, precipitation patterns, temperature variations, increased cyclonic activities, and their impact on coastal ecosystems. The results indicate that habitat fragmentation, saltwater intrusion, and sediment dynamics aggravate species extinction rates and ecosystem degradation. The present study employs a secondary data analysis approach, amalgamating quantitative and qualitative research methods to evaluate the impact of climate change on coastal biodiversity and desertification. By integrating secondary data sources and policy reviews, the findings provide a holistic knowledge of coastal vulnerabilities and potential mitigation measures. Multidisciplinary approach involving ecological restoration, coastal zone management, and climate resilient infrastructure is quintessential in conserving coastal ecosystems. This chapter synthesizes existing research on impact of climate change on Indian coastal biodiversity and examines how desertification is transforming these fragile landscapes.