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Remote sensing satellite data are analysed to observe and interpret the chlorophyll, sea surface temperature (SST), nitrate, and salinity variability in the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea water. The chlorophyll data during 2016 and 2017 have been accessed from MODIS-Aqua sensor and been analysed on monthly and 8-days scale to understand the temporal and spatial variability and linkage to biophysical and chemical parameters. The chlorophyll concentration is observed to be higher (0.4–5.0 mg/m3) in Arabian Sea as compared to Bay of Bengal. The Bay of Bengal (BoB) having fluxes input via many rivers still observed to be lesser productive in terms of phytoplankton biomass and its variability as evident with the time series analysis. The Arabian Sea (ASea) is observed to be more productive due to occurrence of upwelling, convective processes like eddies. The SST is higher in Bay of Bengal as compared to that in Arabian Sea with an increase of about 0.5–1 °C during most of the months. The seasonal anomaly and trends observed in the BoB are of higher SST both during southwest and northeast monsoon season timeframes. The nitrate nutrient has been vital parameter that acts as limiting source for the Bay of Bengal productivity and also being compared in the study over the Arabian Sea water. The range of nitrate is observed to be 0.05–6.0 μM. The salinity has played an important role connected to chlorophyll biomass and appeared to be unique as far as the monthly and weekly correlation analysis results are concerned. The nitrate is also highly linked to salinity in the Bay of Bengal in addition to SST parameter. The salinity has been observed to be linked to Bay of Bengal chlorophyll variability and nutrients as evident from correlation analysis. The BoB salinity is always higher by 2–3 psu units than ASea, hence its role on biological productivity is interesting to observe. The study overall has linkage to understand the physicochemical parameters’ relation with chlorophyll as the focal biological parameter and their trend and inter-relationship observation based on satellite data inputs and also to understand their role in biogeochemistry and biological pump in the northern Indian Ocean.

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Remote Sensing Observation of Sea Surface Chlorophyll, Temperature, Nitrate, and Salinity Over Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Ranjit Kumar Sarangi,
  • Aastik D. Rajan

摘要

Remote sensing satellite data are analysed to observe and interpret the chlorophyll, sea surface temperature (SST), nitrate, and salinity variability in the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea water. The chlorophyll data during 2016 and 2017 have been accessed from MODIS-Aqua sensor and been analysed on monthly and 8-days scale to understand the temporal and spatial variability and linkage to biophysical and chemical parameters. The chlorophyll concentration is observed to be higher (0.4–5.0 mg/m3) in Arabian Sea as compared to Bay of Bengal. The Bay of Bengal (BoB) having fluxes input via many rivers still observed to be lesser productive in terms of phytoplankton biomass and its variability as evident with the time series analysis. The Arabian Sea (ASea) is observed to be more productive due to occurrence of upwelling, convective processes like eddies. The SST is higher in Bay of Bengal as compared to that in Arabian Sea with an increase of about 0.5–1 °C during most of the months. The seasonal anomaly and trends observed in the BoB are of higher SST both during southwest and northeast monsoon season timeframes. The nitrate nutrient has been vital parameter that acts as limiting source for the Bay of Bengal productivity and also being compared in the study over the Arabian Sea water. The range of nitrate is observed to be 0.05–6.0 μM. The salinity has played an important role connected to chlorophyll biomass and appeared to be unique as far as the monthly and weekly correlation analysis results are concerned. The nitrate is also highly linked to salinity in the Bay of Bengal in addition to SST parameter. The salinity has been observed to be linked to Bay of Bengal chlorophyll variability and nutrients as evident from correlation analysis. The BoB salinity is always higher by 2–3 psu units than ASea, hence its role on biological productivity is interesting to observe. The study overall has linkage to understand the physicochemical parameters’ relation with chlorophyll as the focal biological parameter and their trend and inter-relationship observation based on satellite data inputs and also to understand their role in biogeochemistry and biological pump in the northern Indian Ocean.