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This study investigated the effects of instructing discourse markers (DMs) on improving Iranian EFL learners’ reading, listening, speaking, and writing skills. The researcher recruited 60 intermediate EFL learners and divided them into control and experimental groups. The experimental group received instruction on DMs for 10 min in each of their regular 90-min English classes. Both groups took pre- and post-tests in all four language skills. The study found that the group instructed on DMs significantly improved all four skills compared to the control group. These findings suggest that incorporating discourse marker instruction can be beneficial for developing EFL learners’ overall language proficiency. Although the study focuses on EFL learners, discourse markers are likely crucial for all learners as they help structure and connect ideas in speech and writing. Discourse markers are a pragmatic class of lexical expressions and are studied in the context of grammar.

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Impact of DMs’ Instruction on the Enhancement of Iranian EFL Learners’ Four Language Skills

  • 工具书词条

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Marjan Lotfi-Khajouei

摘要

This study investigated the effects of instructing discourse markers (DMs) on improving Iranian EFL learners’ reading, listening, speaking, and writing skills. The researcher recruited 60 intermediate EFL learners and divided them into control and experimental groups. The experimental group received instruction on DMs for 10 min in each of their regular 90-min English classes. Both groups took pre- and post-tests in all four language skills. The study found that the group instructed on DMs significantly improved all four skills compared to the control group. These findings suggest that incorporating discourse marker instruction can be beneficial for developing EFL learners’ overall language proficiency. Although the study focuses on EFL learners, discourse markers are likely crucial for all learners as they help structure and connect ideas in speech and writing. Discourse markers are a pragmatic class of lexical expressions and are studied in the context of grammar.