Exploring the Role of Blockchain Technology in the Development of All-Electric Vehicles: A Review
摘要
Blockchain is a distributed ledger or database that is accessible across multiple network nodes, either public or private. It eliminates the need for a trusted third party in financial transactions by preventing double-spending through various consensus processes. Each verified transaction is added to the ledger as a new ‘block’, which is mathematically encrypted and linked to previous entries. Smart contracts, a feature of blockchain, can automate transactions based on specific conditions being met. In the energy sector, blockchain offers potential applications in managing financial transactions and tracking energy consumption. This is particularly relevant in the electric vehicle (EV) industry, where blockchain can ensure that the electricity used for charging comes from clean sources. Blockchain’s role in EVs is expanding, especially as IoT devices increasingly interact with blockchain for secure and efficient online services. These devices are part of the broader power Web of Things, which enables centralized management and identification of widespread power-related equipment. This review aims to guide future researchers in understanding how blockchain impacts EV development. Integrating IoT with blockchain in EVs is highlighted as a key area for future exploration. Blockchain can enable EVs to autonomously manage charging and payments by directly negotiating with charging stations based on user preferences. This technology also allows verification of the electricity source, favouring renewable energy when desired. Payments can be processed instantly with automatic confirmations. Furthermore, EVs could act as mobile power storage units, supplying electricity back to the grid during peak times when prices are high. Blockchain could also support innovative business models, like secure peer-to-peer ridesharing, minimizing the role of intermediaries and ensuring transparent transactions. The review concludes with an assessment of the challenges and opportunities in using blockchain technology within the context of electric vehicles, outlining potential research paths for future investigation.