Syrphid flies, commonly referred to as hoverflies or flower flies, represent a taxonomically and ecologically diverse group within Diptera, playing vital roles as pollinators, biological control agents, and decomposers. Owing to their exceptional ecological plasticity and larval adaptability, hoverflies are distributed almost worldwide, with the exception of extreme deserts and Antarctica. This chapter synthesizes the existing knowledge on Indian syrphid diversity, highlighting that 368 species across 77 genera are known from the country, with Eristalinae being the most species-rich subfamily attributed to its wide range of larval feeding strategies. However, studies on the larval stages, especially those with significant ecological functions like decomposition and aphid predation, remain sparse in India. The importance of integrative research on Indian hoverfly fauna, incorporating taxonomy, molecular studies, and life history investigations, is strongly emphasized.