Arid region plants are considered important for the purpose of a descriptive study as they are exposed to harsh conditions for their survival. These regions are known for the low precipitation and high temperature, which leads to the survival of different and unique flora and fauna in these zones. The low organic content in the soil, high temperatures, low rainfall, climatic changes with low CO2 levels may work as elicitors in the plant systems surviving in these areas. Many unique secondary metabolites may get elicited and synthesized due to the adaptation acquired by the plant system available in the arid zones. The current book chapter discusses the various biotic and abiotic elicitation strategies applied on an array of arid and desert plants to assess the secondary metabolites content. The chapter also highlights the adaptation and defense responses applied by these plant systems when exposed to in vitro and field level elicitation by biotic and abiotic elicitors.