Laser Shot Peening (LSP) serve as a surface treatment method that improves mechanical properties by inducing compressive residual stresses and facilitating surface nanocrystallization. During the process, The high-intensity shock waves generated during LSP refine surface grains to the nanometer scale, increasing dislocation density and forming structures like dislocation walls and cells. These microstructural changes enhance hardness, tensile strength, and fatigue resistance while creating gradient layers that delay crack initiation and propagation. LSP has shown significant improvements in materials such as TC6 titanium and 7075 aluminum, making it a promising method for extending component lifespan in various engineering applications.