This paper understands the history and characteristics of comparative literature in Vietnam, understanding its engagement with the long-standing Vietnamese orientation toward national superiority, homogeneity, and sovereignty. This paper particularly emphasizes that conventional comparisons in Vietnam, which have been largely based on historical influences and receptions have contributed to maintaining the colonial mapping of world literature, in which Western literature and culture occur as a standard reference point of the remaining and the remain appears either inferior or lacking identity. That also means maintaining imperialism. Doing so, this paper, while highlighting political engagements as a characteristic of Vietnamese comparative literature, attends the current postcolonial criticism of the discipline of comparative literature.